{"id":1363,"date":"2020-04-04T03:21:48","date_gmt":"2020-04-04T03:21:48","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/liceaga.facmed.unam.mx\/deptos\/myp_2020\/?page_id=1363"},"modified":"2020-04-08T22:59:13","modified_gmt":"2020-04-08T22:59:13","slug":"generalidades-de-virus","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/microypara.facmed.unam.mx\/index.php\/generalidades-de-virus\/","title":{"rendered":"Generalidades de virus"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>[et_pb_section fb_built=\u00bb1&#8243; admin_label=\u00bbsection\u00bb _builder_version=\u00bb3.22&#8243;][et_pb_row admin_label=\u00bbrow\u00bb _builder_version=\u00bb3.25&#8243; background_size=\u00bbinitial\u00bb background_position=\u00bbtop_left\u00bb background_repeat=\u00bbrepeat\u00bb][et_pb_column type=\u00bb4_4&#8243; _builder_version=\u00bb3.25&#8243; custom_padding=\u00bb|||\u00bb custom_padding__hover=\u00bb|||\u00bb][et_pb_text _builder_version=\u00bb4.4.2&#8243; box_shadow_style=\u00bbpreset5&#8243; box_shadow_color=\u00bb#8300e9&#8243;]<\/p>\n<section class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4329afb elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default elementor-section elementor-top-section\" data-id=\"4329afb\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n<div class=\"elementor-row\">\n<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-09d85bb elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column\" data-id=\"09d85bb\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap  elementor-element-populated\">\n<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c5c2f74 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"c5c2f74\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n<h2 class=\"elementor-image\"><a href=\"http:\/\/liceaga.facmed.unam.mx\/deptos\/myp\/virologia\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/microypara.facmed.unam.mx\/wp-content\/uploads\/elementor\/thumbs\/Viro_icon_2-nxx07ymotr6dmuldwed3rl3i5noatdjc2567xzkvas.png\" title=\"Viro_icon_2\" alt=\"Viro_icon_2\" \/><\/a><strong>Virolog\u00eda<\/strong><\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fede819 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default elementor-section elementor-top-section\" data-id=\"fede819\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n<div class=\"elementor-row\">\n<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dff80e7 elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column\" data-id=\"dff80e7\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap  elementor-element-populated\">\n<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9e86f4f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"9e86f4f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Generalidades de Virus<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p><strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-44febab elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"44febab\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Dra. Teresa Uribarren Berrueta<br \/> Departamento de Microbiolog\u00eda y Parasitolog\u00eda, Facultad de Medicina, UNAM.<br \/> webmastermicroypara@unam.mx<\/h4>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d1d299 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"5d1d299\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n<div class=\"elementor-spacer\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text admin_label=\u00bbText\u00bb _builder_version=\u00bb3.27.4&#8243; background_size=\u00bbinitial\u00bb background_position=\u00bbtop_left\u00bb background_repeat=\u00bbrepeat\u00bb]<\/p>\n<section class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fede819 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default elementor-section elementor-top-section\" data-id=\"fede819\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n<div class=\"elementor-row\">\n<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dff80e7 elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column\" data-id=\"dff80e7\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap  elementor-element-populated\">\n<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9e28e8c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9e28e8c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\">\n<section class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4329afb elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default elementor-section elementor-top-section\" data-id=\"4329afb\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n<div class=\"elementor-row\">\n<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-09d85bb elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column\" data-id=\"09d85bb\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap  elementor-element-populated\">\n<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c5c2f74 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"c5c2f74\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fede819 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default elementor-section elementor-top-section\" data-id=\"fede819\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n<div class=\"elementor-row\">\n<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dff80e7 elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column\" data-id=\"dff80e7\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap  elementor-element-populated\">\n<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-44febab elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"44febab\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\"><span style=\"color: #000080;\"><strong><\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n<div>\n<hr \/>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<h4>Los virus han coexistido con organismos en el planeta desde hace unos 200 millones de a\u00f1os, pero el estudio cient\u00edfico de estas macromol\u00e9culas parasitarias intracelulares es reciente. Apenas en el siglo XIX, mediante estudios cl\u00ednicos y patol\u00f3gicos, se les reconoci\u00f3 como agentes etiol\u00f3gicos de enfermedades espec\u00edficas. Poco despu\u00e9s, a partir de la mitad del siglo pasado, el empleo de bacteri\u00f3fagos como modelo constituy\u00f3 un gran paso hacia la comprensi\u00f3n de la replicaci\u00f3n viral y las nuevas t\u00e9cnicas histol\u00f3gicas, el microscopio electr\u00f3nico y la inmunohistoqu\u00edmica, dieron momentum al estudio de los virus. La informaci\u00f3n obtenida con el uso de la cristalograf\u00eda nos permiti\u00f3 visualizar la estructura viral hasta un nivel at\u00f3mico.<br \/> Con estos vol\u00famenes de informaci\u00f3n, se desarrollaron m\u00e9todos m\u00e1s sofisticados, como la reacci\u00f3n en cadena de la polimerasa, que detecta con gran sensibilidad y especificidad los genomas virales, y finalmente, se tiene la capacidad de introducir material gen\u00e9tico en los genomas virales para el dise\u00f1o de vacunas, vectores virales y genoterapia.<\/h4>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-37e0095 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default elementor-section elementor-top-section\" data-id=\"37e0095\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n<div class=\"elementor-row\">\n<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2762b25 elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column\" data-id=\"2762b25\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap  elementor-element-populated\">\n<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c373799 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"c373799\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n<div class=\"elementor-image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"attachment-full size-full jetpack-lazy-image jetpack-lazy-image--handled aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/microypara.facmed.unam.mx\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/comparacion.jpg\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 252px) 100vw, 252px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/microypara.facmed.unam.mx\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/comparacion.jpg 252w, https:\/\/microypara.facmed.unam.mx\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/comparacion-203x300.jpg 203w\" alt=\"\" width=\"252\" height=\"373\" data-lazy-loaded=\"1\" \/><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2939f21 elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column\" data-id=\"2939f21\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap  elementor-element-populated\">\n<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-357fbe0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"357fbe0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\">\n<h4>La clasificaci\u00f3n de los virus es m\u00e1s congruente si se tienen las secuencias de nucle\u00f3tidos de su genoma. Los sistemas actuales se basan adem\u00e1s en:<\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Acido nucl\u00e9ico (tipo y estructura)\u00a0<\/strong><br \/> <strong>Simetr\u00eda de la c\u00e1pside viral\u00a0<\/strong><br \/> <strong>Envoltura lip\u00eddica<\/strong><\/h4>\n<h4>Consideremos a la part\u00edcula viral como un sistema de entrega, constituido por componentes que le permiten sobrevivir, y la \u00abmercanc\u00eda\u00bb (no deseada) formada por el genoma viral + enzimas necesarias para iniciar la replicaci\u00f3n. El receptor es necesariamente una c\u00e9lula intacta que pueda sintetizar cientos o miles de viriones: el virus dirige dicha s\u00edntesis.<br \/> Estos organismos, tan din\u00e1micos, eficaces, y tan dependientes, se miden en nan\u00f3metros (1\/1000 micr\u00f3metro), oscilando su tama\u00f1o en la mayor\u00eda entre los 20 \u2013 300 nan\u00f3metros.<\/h4>\n<h4>Las part\u00edculas virales dependen completamente de la c\u00e9lula hospedera, procariota o eucariota.<br \/> No pueden reproducir ni amplificar la informaci\u00f3n de sus genomas, as\u00ed que podr\u00edamos denominarlos \u00abpar\u00e1sitos gen\u00e9ticos\u00bb, ya que poseen las enzimas e informaci\u00f3n requeridas para programar a las c\u00e9lulas infectadas con el objeto de que sinteticen los componentes necesarios para su replicaci\u00f3n.<\/h4>\n<h4><strong>Los componentes b\u00e1sicos de un virus son:<\/strong><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<h4>Prote\u00ednas estructurales, que forman a la part\u00edcula viral, y<\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<h4>Prote\u00ednas no estructurales, tales como las enzimas.<\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<h4>C\u00e1pside, la cubierta externa, constituida por caps\u00f3meros, que son hilos de polip\u00e9ptidos entretejidos de tal manera que semejan \u00abbolas de lana\u00bb. Esta protecci\u00f3n tambi\u00e9n le es \u00fatil al virus en la penetraci\u00f3n de las c\u00e9lulas.<\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<h4>C\u00e1pside + \u00e1cido nucl\u00e9ico = Nucleoc\u00e1pside.<\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<h4>Algunos virus tienen una envoltura lip\u00eddica cuyo origen es la misma membrana plasm\u00e1tica de la c\u00e9lula hospedera, y que es adquirida al salir las nuevas part\u00edculas virales de la c\u00e9lula en un proceso de gemaci\u00f3n. Los caps\u00f3meros atraviesan esta envoltura como proyecciones tridimensionales de diversas formas y con diferentes funciones.<\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<h4>La part\u00edcula viral completa + envoltura externa (si se encuentra presente) = Viri\u00f3n.<\/h4>\n<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-78ca1a9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"78ca1a9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n<div class=\"elementor-image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"attachment-full  jetpack-lazy-image jetpack-lazy-image--handled aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/microypara.facmed.unam.mx\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/virus_estructura.jpg\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/microypara.facmed.unam.mx\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/virus_estructura.jpg 400w, https:\/\/microypara.facmed.unam.mx\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/virus_estructura-300x254.jpg 300w\" alt=\"\" width=\"338\" height=\"286\" data-lazy-loaded=\"1\" \/><span style=\"color: #333333;\">Ilustraci\u00f3n de un viri\u00f3n de un virus de influenza no espec\u00edfico. Se elimin\u00f3 una parte de la c\u00e1pside para mostrar las proteinas del \u00e1cido nucl\u00e9ico. A la derecha, los componentes representados. CDC\/Douglas Jordan<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-83fa10e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"83fa10e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\">\n<section class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-586fb20 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default elementor-section elementor-top-section\" data-id=\"586fb20\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n<div class=\"elementor-row\">\n<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3c602ac elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column\" data-id=\"3c602ac\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap  elementor-element-populated\">\n<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-93e5a2f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"93e5a2f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\">\n<h4><strong>La forma de la nucleoc\u00e1pside<\/strong>\u00a0determina las diferentes clases de simetr\u00eda de los virus. Existen virus con simetr\u00eda helicoidal, en la que el virus se aprecia como una espiral con el \u00e1cido nucl\u00e9ico en el eje central. Otro tipo de simetr\u00eda es la icosah\u00e9drica. En esta forma geom\u00e9trica la part\u00edcula viral presenta 20 caras con 12 \u00e1ngulos. Algunos virus con un gran genoma (Poxvirus), tienen lo que se denomina simetr\u00eda compleja (no helicoidal ni icosah\u00e9drica), con l\u00edpidos tanto en la envoltura como en las membranas externas. Los virus tienen \u00e1cidos nucl\u00e9icos, RNA o DNA, los cuales constituyen el genoma viral. Es importante enfatizar que: El \u00e1cido nucl\u00e9ico puede tener una sola cadena (ss, por single stranded), doble cadena (ds, por double stranded), ser lineal o circular, continuo o segmentado. * Los virus poseen un solo tipo de \u00e1cido nucl\u00e9ico. Hay familias virales de DNA y familias que contienen RNA. * En el caso de los DNA virus, \u00e9stos no se encargan de forma directa de la s\u00edntesis de prote\u00ednas. Las copias de RNA de segmentos apropiados de DNA son utilizados como \u00abtemplados\u00bb para dirigir dicha s\u00edntesis. Algunos virus tienen enzimas espec\u00edficas, principalmente polimerasas y transcriptasas. Cuando el RNA de un virus puede emplearse directamente como RNA mensajero (RNAm), decimos que tiene \u00abpolaridad positiva\u00bb (+); en cambio, cuando requiere de una transcriptasa para hacer copias (complementarias) en sentido positivo, se habla de \u00abpolaridad negativa (-) \u00ab.<\/h4>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f0c757e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default elementor-section elementor-top-section\" data-id=\"f0c757e\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n<div class=\"elementor-row\">\n<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-402bdf1 elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column\" data-id=\"402bdf1\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap  elementor-element-populated\">\n<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-00d52ea elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"00d52ea\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n<div class=\"elementor-image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"attachment-full size-full jetpack-lazy-image jetpack-lazy-image--handled aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/microypara.facmed.unam.mx\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/acidonucleico.jpg\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 591px) 100vw, 591px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/microypara.facmed.unam.mx\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/acidonucleico.jpg 591w, https:\/\/microypara.facmed.unam.mx\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/acidonucleico-300x38.jpg 300w\" alt=\"\" width=\"591\" height=\"74\" data-lazy-loaded=\"1\" \/><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bb7a010 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default elementor-section elementor-top-section\" data-id=\"bb7a010\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n<div class=\"elementor-row\">\n<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a403814 elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column\" data-id=\"a403814\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap  elementor-element-populated\">\n<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-05f2da1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"05f2da1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\">\n<h4>En la figura superior, el RNA virus s+ (poliovirus) presenta una prote\u00edna codificada (rombo) que act\u00faa como primer en la replicaci\u00f3n en el t\u00e9rmino 5\u2032, as\u00ed como regiones que no ser\u00e1n traducidas (l\u00edneas recta y sesgada en los extremos), pero tienen importantes funciones. El t\u00e9rmino 3 es poliadenilado. Este RNA es utilizado como RNAm con la producci\u00f3n subsecuente de diferentes polip\u00e9ptidos a partir de cada promotor. Consecuencias de la invasi\u00f3n viral a nivel celular: Los cambios observables en las c\u00e9lulas han sido denominados efectos citop\u00e1ticos, y son debidos a alteraciones en la s\u00edntesis de los \u00e1cidos nucl\u00e9icos y prote\u00ednas propios, en la estructura del citoesqueleto y en la membrana. Pueden derivar en la inducci\u00f3n de mecanismos gen\u00e9ticamente programados de destrucci\u00f3n celular, la apoptosis.<\/h4>\n<h4>Existen DNA virus que pueden bloquear la autodestrucci\u00f3n. Otra posibilidad, tambi\u00e9n relacionada con algunos virus, es su capacidad de producir cambios malignos en las c\u00e9lulas parasitadas. Las c\u00e9lulas transformadas sufren varias alteraciones: incremento en el rango de multiplicaci\u00f3n, crecimiento desordenado, propagaci\u00f3n indefinida y presencia de ant\u00edgenos tumorales en su superificie.<\/h4>\n<h4>Los principales virus oncog\u00e9nicos conocidos son: papillomavirus, virus de la hepatitis B y el virus Epstein-Barr, entre los DNA virus, y los retrovirus dentro de los RNA virus. Enfermedades virales emergentes En el transcurso de la llamada era tecnol\u00f3gica, el humano, autodenominado como el mayor depredador del planeta, ha interactuado con los diferentes ecosistemas de manera compleja, agresiva e irresponsable. En consecuencia, miles de organismos pat\u00f3genos, asociados a otras especies, se encuentran en proceso de adaptaci\u00f3n a las modificaciones inclu\u00eddas por el hombre. Las secuelas implican cambios significativos en la distribuci\u00f3n geogr\u00e1fica y la epidemiolog\u00eda de las enfermedades infecciosas.<\/h4>\n<h4>Las enfermedades infecciosas emergentes son patolog\u00edas que han aparecido durante las \u00faltimas dos d\u00e9cadas en diferentes ubicaciones geogr\u00e1ficas, desplazando a aqu\u00e9llas que se consideraban un riesgo mayor desde el punto de vista de salud p\u00fablica, y las que representan una amenaza futura. Ejemplos de agentes virales emergentes son: HIV, hantavirus, virus de la hepatitis C (HCV), priones, virus de Ebola . Las enfermedades infecciosas re-emergentes involucran a organismos pat\u00f3genos conocidos, antes bajo control, efectivo, o relativo. Entre \u00e9stas puede mencionarse a: encefalitis japonesa, fiebre amarilla, dengue. Priones: Varios mam\u00edferos, incluyendo al hombre, sufren enfermedades causadas por priones (potencial zoon\u00f3tico). Los priones causan trastornos neurodegenerativos fatales, e incluyen a: la enfermedad de Creutzfeldt-Jakob (CJD), la enfermedad de Gerstmann-Stra\u00fcssler-Scheinker (GSS), Insomnio Fatal Familiar (FFI), Kuru y la variante CJD (vCJD) en humanos.<\/h4>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e47b7d3 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default elementor-section elementor-top-section\" data-id=\"e47b7d3\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n<div class=\"elementor-row\">\n<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4ff5089 elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column\" data-id=\"4ff5089\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap  elementor-element-populated\">\n<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2065679 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"2065679\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n<div class=\"elementor-image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"attachment-large  jetpack-lazy-image jetpack-lazy-image--handled aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/microypara.facmed.unam.mx\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/ApoptosisnecrosisCDC.jpg\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 461px) 100vw, 461px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/microypara.facmed.unam.mx\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/ApoptosisnecrosisCDC.jpg 461w, https:\/\/microypara.facmed.unam.mx\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/ApoptosisnecrosisCDC-300x250.jpg 300w\" alt=\"\" width=\"427\" height=\"356\" data-lazy-loaded=\"1\" \/><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1227e90 elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column\" data-id=\"1227e90\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap  elementor-element-populated\">\n<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0dbd398 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0dbd398\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\">\n<h4>La caracter\u00edstica principal de los priones consiste en la conversi\u00f3n durante la post-traducci\u00f3n de una prote\u00edna codificada por el hospedero, la prote\u00edna celular del prion (PrPC), en una isoforma anormal, denominada PrPSc. Dicha transici\u00f3n aparentemente involucra un cambio en la conformaci\u00f3n, no de tipo covalente, lo que le confiere a la PrPSc insolubilidad en detergentes y cierta resistencia a la degradaci\u00f3n proteol\u00edtica.<\/h4>\n<h4>Existe evidencia de que la isoforma anormal PrP es el principal, y quiz\u00e1 \u00fanico componente del agente infeccioso transmisible (prion). Las enfermedades causadas por estos agentes son determinadas por: \u2013 Mutaciones en el gen de la prote\u00edna humana del prion (PRNP) \u2013 Enfermedad heredada, \u2013 Infecci\u00f3n (inoculaci\u00f3n, dieta, iatr\u00f3genica debido a terapias con hormona del crecimiento contaminada) \u2013 Enfermedad espor\u00e1dica, comprende el 85% de los casos. La PrPc mide 33 \u2013 35 kDa, se encuentra en c\u00e9lulas normales, predominantemente neuronales. La PrP-res (o PrPSc), resistente a proteasas, presenta un tama\u00f1o un poco menor y conformaci\u00f3n molecular diferente. Se multiplica principalmente en SNC, donde produce lesiones no inflamatorias, vacuolas, dep\u00f3sitos amiloideos y astrogliosis. La muerte neuronal por apoptosis es muy importante, con la consiguiente atrofia cerebral.<\/h4>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-18ba7c3 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default elementor-section elementor-top-section\" data-id=\"18ba7c3\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n<div class=\"elementor-row\">\n<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-22d640a elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column\" data-id=\"22d640a\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap  elementor-element-populated\">\n<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3107655 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"3107655\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n<h4 class=\"elementor-widget-container\"><strong>Adenovirus TEM<\/strong><\/h4>\n<h4>Identificados por primera vez en adenoides humanas, de ah\u00ed su nombre. Son DNA virus, con simetr\u00eda icosah\u00e9drica. Los s\u00edndromes que producen se asocian a diferentes serotipos. Entre las enfermedades que producen se encuentran: <strong>infecciones gastrointestinales, queratoconjuntivitis epid\u00e9mica, fiebre faringoconjuntival, neumon\u00edas en pacientes inmunodeprimidos, cistitis hemorr\u00e1gica, enterocolitis necrotizante y meningoencefalitis<\/strong>.<\/h4>\n<div><\/div>\n<div class=\"elementor-image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"attachment-large size-large jetpack-lazy-image jetpack-lazy-image--handled aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/microypara.facmed.unam.mx\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/adenovirusCDC.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"150\" height=\"120\" data-lazy-loaded=\"1\" \/><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<section class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0be23cc elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default elementor-section elementor-top-section\" data-id=\"0be23cc\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n<div class=\"elementor-row\">\n<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ae13396 elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column\" data-id=\"ae13396\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap  elementor-element-populated\">\n<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ca0d396 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ca0d396\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\">\n<h4><strong>Coronavirus. TEM.<\/strong><\/h4>\n<h4>Su nombre proviene del t\u00e9rmino en lat\u00edn corona. Son RNA virus (el mayor genoma de RNA en seres humanos) y pleom\u00f3rficos. Las enfermedades que causan se asocian a 2 serotipos. Producen hasta el 10% de los resfriados comunes y pueden causar complicaciones en pacientes con bronquitis cr\u00f3nica o asma. Tambi\u00e9n <strong>son agentes causales de SARS.<\/strong><\/h4>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-363e592 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default elementor-section elementor-top-section\" data-id=\"363e592\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n<div class=\"elementor-row\">\n<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8ca9b89 elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column\" data-id=\"8ca9b89\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap  elementor-element-populated\">\n<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f9ed025 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"f9ed025\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n<h4 class=\"elementor-image\"><\/h4>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-83fa10e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"83fa10e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\">\n<section class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0be23cc elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default elementor-section elementor-top-section\" data-id=\"0be23cc\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n<div class=\"elementor-row\">\n<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b62ddbb elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column\" data-id=\"b62ddbb\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap  elementor-element-populated\">\n<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b21f240 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"b21f240\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n<div class=\"elementor-image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"attachment-large size-large jetpack-lazy-image jetpack-lazy-image--handled aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/microypara.facmed.unam.mx\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/coronavirusCDC.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"150\" height=\"120\" data-lazy-loaded=\"1\" \/><\/div>\n<div>\n<h4><strong>Paramyxovirus. TEM.<\/strong><\/h4>\n<h4><strong>Virus sincicial respiratorio<\/strong> (conocido con las siglas RSV). Altamente contagioso; da lugar a bronquiolitis y\/o neumon\u00eda.<\/h4>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap  elementor-element-populated\">\n<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ca0d396 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ca0d396\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-363e592 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default elementor-section elementor-top-section\" data-id=\"363e592\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n<div class=\"elementor-row\">\n<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8ca9b89 elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column\" data-id=\"8ca9b89\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap  elementor-element-populated\">\n<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f9ed025 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"f9ed025\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n<h4 class=\"elementor-image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"attachment-large size-large jetpack-lazy-image jetpack-lazy-image--handled aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/microypara.facmed.unam.mx\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/RSVCDC.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"150\" height=\"120\" data-lazy-loaded=\"1\" \/><\/h4>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f702c8c elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column\" data-id=\"f702c8c\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap  elementor-element-populated\">\n<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d26a466 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d26a466\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6f5970f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default elementor-section elementor-top-section\" data-id=\"6f5970f\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n<div class=\"elementor-row\">\n<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4357034 elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column\" data-id=\"4357034\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap  elementor-element-populated\">\n<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1d694e8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"1d694e8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n<div class=\"elementor-image\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-13aa417 elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column\" data-id=\"13aa417\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap  elementor-element-populated\">\n<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6d673cf elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6d673cf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\">\n<h4><strong>Orthomyxovirus. TEM. de influenza A.<\/strong><\/h4>\n<h4>El nombre de <strong>influenza<\/strong> deriva, aparentemente, del t\u00e9rmino \u00abinfluencia\u00bb. Estos virus se clasifican en tipos A, B y C. Afectan el sistema respiratorio. Son RNA virus con envoltura lip\u00eddica. El potencial del virus de la influenza A para producir pandemias se relaciona con su capacidad para generar \u00abrearreglos\u00bb en los 8 segmentos de su genoma, con contactos entre especies animales. El virus de la influenza B se ha asociado al <strong>S\u00edndrome de Rey\u00e9<\/strong>. Las formas severas de la enfermedad son causadas por los tipos A y B.<\/h4>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"attachment-large size-large jetpack-lazy-image jetpack-lazy-image--handled aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/microypara.facmed.unam.mx\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/influenzaA_2_CDC.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"150\" height=\"120\" data-lazy-loaded=\"1\" \/><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f261d1f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default elementor-section elementor-top-section\" data-id=\"f261d1f\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n<div class=\"elementor-row\">\n<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-694f1e3 elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column\" data-id=\"694f1e3\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap  elementor-element-populated\">\n<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ce8145a elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"ce8145a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n<div><\/div>\n<div>\n<section class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f261d1f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default elementor-section elementor-top-section\" data-id=\"f261d1f\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n<div class=\"elementor-row\">\n<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-01e89dc elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column\" data-id=\"01e89dc\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap  elementor-element-populated\">\n<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0095ac9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0095ac9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\">\n<h4><strong>Rotavirus. TEM.<\/strong><\/h4>\n<h4>G\u00e9nero de la familia Reoviridae. Su nombre proviene del lat\u00edn \u00abrota\u00bb, que significa rueda (las proyecciones que emite desde el centro dan la impresi\u00f3n de dicha forma). Son RNA virus. Su c\u00e1pside tiene doble cubierta, la interna icosah\u00e9drica. Existen 6 serotipos, pero la mayor parte pertenece al grupo A. <strong>Produce gastroenteritis<\/strong>, principalmente en ni\u00f1os peque\u00f1os y en ancianos.<\/h4>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-235deed elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default elementor-section elementor-top-section\" data-id=\"235deed\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n<div class=\"elementor-row\">\n<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c89eea4 elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column\" data-id=\"c89eea4\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap  elementor-element-populated\">\n<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-711f504 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"711f504\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n<div class=\"elementor-image\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div class=\"elementor-image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"attachment-large size-large jetpack-lazy-image jetpack-lazy-image--handled aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/microypara.facmed.unam.mx\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/rotavirusCDC.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"150\" height=\"120\" data-lazy-loaded=\"1\" \/><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-01e89dc elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column\" data-id=\"01e89dc\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap  elementor-element-populated\">\n<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0095ac9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0095ac9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\">\n<h4><\/h4>\n<h4><strong>Rubivirus. TEM.<\/strong><\/h4>\n<h4>El \u00fanico g\u00e9nero de la familia Togoviridea no transmitido por artr\u00f3podos. <strong>El virus de la rube\u00f3la<\/strong> tiene un genoma de RNA y existe 1 serotipo. Su nombre proviene del t\u00e9rmino rubellus, que significa rojizo (color de la erupci\u00f3n cut\u00e1nea que produce). Puede dar lugar a anormalidades fetales severas cuando se adquiere in utero y en el adulto se complica con poliartritis.<\/h4>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-235deed elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default elementor-section elementor-top-section\" data-id=\"235deed\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n<div class=\"elementor-row\">\n<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c89eea4 elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column\" data-id=\"c89eea4\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap  elementor-element-populated\">\n<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-711f504 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"711f504\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n<div class=\"elementor-image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"attachment-large size-large jetpack-lazy-image jetpack-lazy-image--handled aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/microypara.facmed.unam.mx\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/rubivirus.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"150\" height=\"120\" data-lazy-loaded=\"1\" \/><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-78631a9 elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column\" data-id=\"78631a9\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap  elementor-element-populated\">\n<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8d79891 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8d79891\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\">\n<h4><strong>Poxvirus. TEM.<\/strong><\/h4>\n<h4><strong>Virus del molusco contagioso.<\/strong> La familia <em>Poxviridae i<\/em>ncluye 2 g\u00e9neros que producen enfermedad en el hombre. Tienen genoma de DNA y su estructura es compleja. El molusco contagioso se caracteriza por lesiones nodulares umbilicadas en piel; tambi\u00e9n se puede adquirir por contacto sexual.<\/h4>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4b9b223 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default elementor-section elementor-top-section\" data-id=\"4b9b223\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n<div class=\"elementor-row\">\n<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-59286f0 elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column\" data-id=\"59286f0\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap  elementor-element-populated\">\n<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-783eec9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"783eec9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n<div class=\"elementor-image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"attachment-large size-large jetpack-lazy-image jetpack-lazy-image--handled aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/microypara.facmed.unam.mx\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/poxvirusCDC.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"150\" height=\"120\" data-lazy-loaded=\"1\" \/><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<h4><strong>Poliovirus. TEM.<\/strong><\/h4>\n<h4>Es uno de los miembros de la familia Picornaviridae m\u00e1s importantes. Esta familia comprende 5 g\u00e9neros. Pico significa peque\u00f1o y, en efecto, se trata de virus muy peque\u00f1os. Son RNA virus con simetr\u00eda icosah\u00e9drica. El g\u00e9nero <strong>Enterovirus<\/strong> incluye a 3 poliovirus. <strong>Se transmiten de manera oro- fecal<\/strong>, por lo que la enfermedad es m\u00e1s frecuente en zonas pobres del mundo. Afecta principalmente a ni\u00f1os.<\/h4>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-edd26df elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default elementor-section elementor-top-section\" data-id=\"edd26df\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n<div class=\"elementor-row\">\n<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8ca1663 elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column\" data-id=\"8ca1663\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap  elementor-element-populated\">\n<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e5cee77 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"e5cee77\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n<div class=\"elementor-image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"attachment-large size-large jetpack-lazy-image jetpack-lazy-image--handled aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/microypara.facmed.unam.mx\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/poliovirustype1CDC.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"150\" height=\"120\" data-lazy-loaded=\"1\" \/><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8346c49 elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column\" data-id=\"8346c49\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap  elementor-element-populated\">\n<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7dd46a3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7dd46a3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\">\n<h4><strong>Herpesviridae<\/strong><\/h4>\n<h4>Es una familia de virus que comprende a 3 sub-familias: Alphaherpesvirinae (imagen: TEM <strong>Herpex simplex<\/strong>), Betaherpesvirinae y Gammaherpesvirinae. Son DNA virus con simetr\u00eda icosah\u00e9drica.<\/h4>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b100ded elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default elementor-section elementor-top-section\" data-id=\"b100ded\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n<div class=\"elementor-row\">\n<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1e4e81f elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column\" data-id=\"1e4e81f\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap  elementor-element-populated\">\n<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6260e19 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"6260e19\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n<div class=\"elementor-image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"attachment-large size-large jetpack-lazy-image jetpack-lazy-image--handled aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/microypara.facmed.unam.mx\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/hsimplexCDC.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"150\" height=\"120\" data-lazy-loaded=\"1\" \/><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6f7f532 elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column\" data-id=\"6f7f532\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap  elementor-element-populated\">\n<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-41bbc75 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"41bbc75\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\">\n<h4><strong>Filovirus. TEM.<\/strong><\/h4>\n<h4>De la familia Filoviridae. <strong>Virus Marburg.<\/strong> Su nombre proviene del t\u00e9rmino filum (filamento).Tienen un genoma de RNA y su simetr\u00eda es helicoidal. Son pleom\u00f3rficos (adoptan formas extra\u00f1as, ramificadas, circulares). Pueden llegar a tener un tama\u00f1o mayor al de una bacteria. Infectan varios \u00f3rganos, principalmente h\u00edgado y bazo, resultando en degeneraci\u00f3n, necrosis, da\u00f1o a c\u00e9lulas endoteliales, con el consiguiente aumento en la permeabilidad vascular, lo que conduce a las hemorragias masivas que les son caracter\u00edsticas. La mortalidad oscila entre 2 \u2013 90%.<\/h4>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c477ef0 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default elementor-section elementor-top-section\" data-id=\"c477ef0\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n<div class=\"elementor-row\">\n<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-75b9667 elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column\" data-id=\"75b9667\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap  elementor-element-populated\">\n<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-82a7625 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"82a7625\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n<h4 class=\"elementor-image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"attachment-large size-large jetpack-lazy-image jetpack-lazy-image--handled aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/microypara.facmed.unam.mx\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/MarburgCDC.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"150\" height=\"120\" data-lazy-loaded=\"1\" \/><\/h4>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7fd4091 elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column\" data-id=\"7fd4091\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap  elementor-element-populated\">\n<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4488a17 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4488a17\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\">\n<section class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-021958c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default elementor-section elementor-top-section\" data-id=\"021958c\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n<div class=\"elementor-row\">\n<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-691fc2f elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column\" data-id=\"691fc2f\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap  elementor-element-populated\">\n<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fd14772 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"fd14772\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\">\n<h4><strong>Filovirus.<\/strong><\/h4>\n<h4><strong>Virus Ebola.<\/strong><\/h4>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-22ab4c5 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default elementor-section elementor-top-section\" data-id=\"22ab4c5\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n<div class=\"elementor-row\">\n<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e29940f elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column\" data-id=\"e29940f\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap  elementor-element-populated\">\n<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cdc939e elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"cdc939e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n<h4 class=\"elementor-image\"><\/h4>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-021958c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default elementor-section elementor-top-section\" data-id=\"021958c\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n<div class=\"elementor-row\">\n<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-25b987b elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column\" data-id=\"25b987b\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap  elementor-element-populated\">\n<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-02ae37b elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"02ae37b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n<h4 class=\"elementor-image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"attachment-large size-large jetpack-lazy-image jetpack-lazy-image--handled aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/microypara.facmed.unam.mx\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/ebolaskinCDC.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"150\" height=\"120\" data-lazy-loaded=\"1\" \/><\/h4>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-691fc2f elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column\" data-id=\"691fc2f\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap  elementor-element-populated\">\n<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fd14772 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"fd14772\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\">\n<section class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-22ab4c5 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default elementor-section elementor-top-section\" data-id=\"22ab4c5\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n<div class=\"elementor-row\">\n<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d9caf61 elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column\" data-id=\"d9caf61\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap  elementor-element-populated\">\n<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c382556 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c382556\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\">\n<h4><strong>HIV-1. TEM.<\/strong><\/h4>\n<h4>De la familia Retroviridae. La instalaci\u00f3n de signos y s\u00edntomas es larga e insidiosa. Posee un genoma de RNA y es de estructura compleja. Virus del VIH. Sintetiza ADN a partir de ARN mediante la acci\u00f3n de una transcriptasa inversa<strong> Produce SIDA.<\/strong><\/h4>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b364c03 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default elementor-section elementor-top-section\" data-id=\"b364c03\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n<div class=\"elementor-row\">\n<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-effe7c3 elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column\" data-id=\"effe7c3\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap  elementor-element-populated\">\n<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5785209 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"5785209\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-22ab4c5 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default elementor-section elementor-top-section\" data-id=\"22ab4c5\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n<div class=\"elementor-row\">\n<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e29940f elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column\" data-id=\"e29940f\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap  elementor-element-populated\">\n<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cdc939e elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"cdc939e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n<div class=\"elementor-image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"attachment-large size-large jetpack-lazy-image jetpack-lazy-image--handled aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/microypara.facmed.unam.mx\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/TEMHIV-1CDC.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"150\" height=\"120\" data-lazy-loaded=\"1\" \/><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d9caf61 elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column\" data-id=\"d9caf61\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap  elementor-element-populated\">\n<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c382556 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c382556\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\">\n<h4><\/h4>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b364c03 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default elementor-section elementor-top-section\" data-id=\"b364c03\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n<div class=\"elementor-row\">\n<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-effe7c3 elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column\" data-id=\"effe7c3\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap  elementor-element-populated\">\n<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5785209 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"5785209\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\">\n<hr \/>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bda49ff elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"bda49ff\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n<h5 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">V\u00ednculos<\/h5>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-569b21a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"569b21a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\">\n<p>\u2013\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.facmed.unam.mx\/deptos\/microbiologia\/virologia\/casos_clinicos.html\">Casos cl\u00ednicos<\/a>. Para profesores y estudiantes interesados. Colecciones de casos cl\u00ednicos con im\u00e1genes y art\u00edculos de utilidad para estudiar, preparar material did\u00e1ctico.<br \/> \u2013 James D. Chappell, Terence S. Dermody. Cap\u00edtulo<a href=\"https:\/\/www.clinicalkey.es\/#!\/content\/book\/3-s2.0-B978145574801300134X\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">: Biology of Viruses and Viral Diseases<\/a>. En: Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett\u2019s Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases, 8th ed. Philadelphia, PA. Elsevier Saunders.January 1, 2015. Pp 1681-1693. En Clinical Key.<br \/> \u2013\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/viperdb.scripps.edu\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Virus Particle Explorer VIPERdb.\u00a0<\/a>Base de datos para virus icosa\u00e9dricos y estructura de c\u00e1psides.<br \/> \u2013 Eugene V. Koonin EV, Valerian V. Dolja VV, Krupovic M. Review.\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0042682215000859\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Origins and evolution of viruses of eukaryotes: The ultimate modularity<\/a>. Virology. May 2015;Volumes 479\u2013480: 2\u201325<br \/> \u2013 Lipkin WI, Anthony SJ.\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0042682215000495\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Virus hunting<\/a>. Review. Virology, May 2015;479-480:194-199.<\/p>\n<p>\u00daltima modificaci\u00f3n 17 agosto 2015<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Virolog\u00eda Generalidades de Virus Dra. Teresa Uribarren Berrueta Departamento de Microbiolog\u00eda y Parasitolog\u00eda, Facultad de Medicina, UNAM. webmastermicroypara@unam.mx &nbsp; Los virus han coexistido con organismos en el planeta desde hace unos 200 millones de a\u00f1os, pero el estudio cient\u00edfico de estas macromol\u00e9culas parasitarias intracelulares es reciente. Apenas en el siglo XIX, mediante estudios cl\u00ednicos y [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"on","_et_pb_old_content":"<section class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fede819 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default elementor-section elementor-top-section\" data-id=\"fede819\" data-element_type=\"section\">\r\n<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\r\n<div class=\"elementor-row\">\r\n<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dff80e7 elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column\" data-id=\"dff80e7\" data-element_type=\"column\">\r\n<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap  elementor-element-populated\">\r\n<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\r\n<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9e28e8c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9e28e8c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\r\n<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\r\n<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\"><section class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4329afb elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default elementor-section elementor-top-section\" data-id=\"4329afb\" data-element_type=\"section\">\r\n<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\r\n<div class=\"elementor-row\">\r\n<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-09d85bb elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column\" data-id=\"09d85bb\" data-element_type=\"column\">\r\n<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap  elementor-element-populated\">\r\n<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\r\n<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c5c2f74 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"c5c2f74\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\r\n<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\r\n<h2 class=\"elementor-image\"><a href=\"http:\/\/liceaga.facmed.unam.mx\/deptos\/myp\/virologia\/\"><img title=\"Viro_icon_2\" src=\"https:\/\/microypara.facmed.unam.mx\/wp-content\/uploads\/elementor\/thumbs\/Viro_icon_2-nxx07ymotr6dmuldwed3rl3i5noatdjc2567xzkvas.png\" alt=\"Viro_icon_2\" \/><\/a><span style=\"color: #000080;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 26px;\">Virolog\u00eda<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/section><section class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fede819 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default elementor-section elementor-top-section\" data-id=\"fede819\" data-element_type=\"section\">\r\n<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\r\n<div class=\"elementor-row\">\r\n<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dff80e7 elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column\" data-id=\"dff80e7\" data-element_type=\"column\">\r\n<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap  elementor-element-populated\">\r\n<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\r\n<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9e86f4f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"9e86f4f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\r\n<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\r\n<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #000080;\"><strong>Generalidades de Virus<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-44febab elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"44febab\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\r\n<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\"><span style=\"color: #000080;\"><strong>Dra. Teresa Uribarren Berrueta<\/strong><\/span>\r\n<span style=\"color: #000080;\"><strong>Departamento de Microbiolog\u00eda y Parasitolog\u00eda, Facultad de Medicina, UNAM.<\/strong><\/span>\r\n<span style=\"color: #000080;\"><strong>webmastermicroypara@unam.mx<\/strong><\/span><\/div>\r\n<div>\r\n\r\n<hr \/>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/section>\r\n<h4>Los virus han coexistido con organismos en el planeta desde hace unos 200 millones de a\u00f1os, pero el estudio cient\u00edfico de estas macromol\u00e9culas parasitarias intracelulares es reciente. Apenas en el siglo XIX, mediante estudios cl\u00ednicos y patol\u00f3gicos, se les reconoci\u00f3 como agentes etiol\u00f3gicos de enfermedades espec\u00edficas. Poco despu\u00e9s, a partir de la mitad del siglo pasado, el empleo de bacteri\u00f3fagos como modelo constituy\u00f3 un gran paso hacia la comprensi\u00f3n de la replicaci\u00f3n viral y las nuevas t\u00e9cnicas histol\u00f3gicas, el microscopio electr\u00f3nico y la inmunohistoqu\u00edmica, dieron momentum al estudio de los virus. La informaci\u00f3n obtenida con el uso de la cristalograf\u00eda nos permiti\u00f3 visualizar la estructura viral hasta un nivel at\u00f3mico.\r\nCon estos vol\u00famenes de informaci\u00f3n, se desarrollaron m\u00e9todos m\u00e1s sofisticados, como la reacci\u00f3n en cadena de la polimerasa, que detecta con gran sensibilidad y especificidad los genomas virales, y finalmente, se tiene la capacidad de introducir material gen\u00e9tico en los genomas virales para el dise\u00f1o de vacunas, vectores virales y genoterapia.<\/h4>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/section><section class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-37e0095 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default elementor-section elementor-top-section\" data-id=\"37e0095\" data-element_type=\"section\">\r\n<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\r\n<div class=\"elementor-row\">\r\n<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2762b25 elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column\" data-id=\"2762b25\" data-element_type=\"column\">\r\n<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap  elementor-element-populated\">\r\n<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\r\n<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c373799 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"c373799\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\r\n<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\r\n<div class=\"elementor-image\"><img class=\"attachment-full size-full jetpack-lazy-image jetpack-lazy-image--handled aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/microypara.facmed.unam.mx\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/comparacion.jpg\" sizes=\"(max-width: 252px) 100vw, 252px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/microypara.facmed.unam.mx\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/comparacion.jpg 252w, https:\/\/microypara.facmed.unam.mx\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/comparacion-203x300.jpg 203w\" alt=\"\" width=\"252\" height=\"373\" data-lazy-loaded=\"1\" \/><\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2939f21 elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column\" data-id=\"2939f21\" data-element_type=\"column\">\r\n<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap  elementor-element-populated\">\r\n<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\r\n<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-357fbe0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"357fbe0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\r\n<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\r\n<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\">\r\n<h4>La clasificaci\u00f3n de los virus es m\u00e1s congruente si se tienen las secuencias de nucle\u00f3tidos de su genoma. Los sistemas actuales se basan adem\u00e1s en:<\/h4>\r\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Acido nucl\u00e9ico (tipo y estructura)\u00a0<\/strong>\r\n<strong>Simetr\u00eda de la c\u00e1pside viral\u00a0<\/strong>\r\n<strong>Envoltura lip\u00eddica<\/strong><\/h4>\r\n<h4>Consideremos a la part\u00edcula viral como un sistema de entrega, constituido por componentes que le permiten sobrevivir, y la \u00abmercanc\u00eda\u00bb (no deseada) formada por el genoma viral + enzimas necesarias para iniciar la replicaci\u00f3n. El receptor es necesariamente una c\u00e9lula intacta que pueda sintetizar cientos o miles de viriones: el virus dirige dicha s\u00edntesis.\r\nEstos organismos, tan din\u00e1micos, eficaces, y tan dependientes, se miden en nan\u00f3metros (1\/1000 micr\u00f3metro), oscilando su tama\u00f1o en la mayor\u00eda entre los 20 \u2013 300 nan\u00f3metros.<\/h4>\r\n<h4>Las part\u00edculas virales dependen completamente de la c\u00e9lula hospedera, procariota o eucariota.\r\nNo pueden reproducir ni amplificar la informaci\u00f3n de sus genomas, as\u00ed que podr\u00edamos denominarlos \u00abpar\u00e1sitos gen\u00e9ticos\u00bb, ya que poseen las enzimas e informaci\u00f3n requeridas para programar a las c\u00e9lulas infectadas con el objeto de que sinteticen los componentes necesarios para su replicaci\u00f3n.<\/h4>\r\n<h4><strong>Los componentes b\u00e1sicos de un virus son:<\/strong><\/h4>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>\r\n<h4>Prote\u00ednas estructurales, que forman a la part\u00edcula viral, y<\/h4>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li>\r\n<h4>Prote\u00ednas no estructurales, tales como las enzimas.<\/h4>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li>\r\n<h4>C\u00e1pside, la cubierta externa, constituida por caps\u00f3meros, que son hilos de polip\u00e9ptidos entretejidos de tal manera que semejan \u00abbolas de lana\u00bb. Esta protecci\u00f3n tambi\u00e9n le es \u00fatil al virus en la penetraci\u00f3n de las c\u00e9lulas.<\/h4>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li>\r\n<h4>C\u00e1pside + \u00e1cido nucl\u00e9ico = Nucleoc\u00e1pside.<\/h4>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li>\r\n<h4>Algunos virus tienen una envoltura lip\u00eddica cuyo origen es la misma membrana plasm\u00e1tica de la c\u00e9lula hospedera, y que es adquirida al salir las nuevas part\u00edculas virales de la c\u00e9lula en un proceso de gemaci\u00f3n. Los caps\u00f3meros atraviesan esta envoltura como proyecciones tridimensionales de diversas formas y con diferentes funciones.<\/h4>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li>\r\n<h4>La part\u00edcula viral completa + envoltura externa (si se encuentra presente) = Viri\u00f3n.<\/h4>\r\n<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-78ca1a9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"78ca1a9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\r\n<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\r\n<div class=\"elementor-image\"><img class=\"attachment-full  jetpack-lazy-image jetpack-lazy-image--handled aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/microypara.facmed.unam.mx\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/virus_estructura.jpg\" sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/microypara.facmed.unam.mx\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/virus_estructura.jpg 400w, https:\/\/microypara.facmed.unam.mx\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/virus_estructura-300x254.jpg 300w\" alt=\"\" width=\"338\" height=\"286\" data-lazy-loaded=\"1\" \/><span style=\"color: #333333;\">Ilustraci\u00f3n de un viri\u00f3n de un virus de influenza no espec\u00edfico. Se elimin\u00f3 una parte de la c\u00e1pside para mostrar las proteinas del \u00e1cido nucl\u00e9ico. A la derecha, los componentes representados. CDC\/Douglas Jordan<\/span><\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div><\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-83fa10e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"83fa10e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\r\n<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\r\n<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\"><section class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-586fb20 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default elementor-section elementor-top-section\" data-id=\"586fb20\" data-element_type=\"section\">\r\n<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\r\n<div class=\"elementor-row\">\r\n<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3c602ac elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column\" data-id=\"3c602ac\" data-element_type=\"column\">\r\n<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap  elementor-element-populated\">\r\n<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\r\n<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-93e5a2f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"93e5a2f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\r\n<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\r\n<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\">\r\n<h4><strong>La forma de la nucleoc\u00e1pside<\/strong>\u00a0determina las diferentes clases de simetr\u00eda de los virus. Existen virus con simetr\u00eda helicoidal, en la que el virus se aprecia como una espiral con el \u00e1cido nucl\u00e9ico en el eje central. Otro tipo de simetr\u00eda es la icosah\u00e9drica. En esta forma geom\u00e9trica la part\u00edcula viral presenta 20 caras con 12 \u00e1ngulos. Algunos virus con un gran genoma (Poxvirus), tienen lo que se denomina simetr\u00eda compleja (no helicoidal ni icosah\u00e9drica), con l\u00edpidos tanto en la envoltura como en las membranas externas. Los virus tienen \u00e1cidos nucl\u00e9icos, RNA o DNA, los cuales constituyen el genoma viral. Es importante enfatizar que: El \u00e1cido nucl\u00e9ico puede tener una sola cadena (ss, por single stranded), doble cadena (ds, por double stranded), ser lineal o circular, continuo o segmentado. * Los virus poseen un solo tipo de \u00e1cido nucl\u00e9ico. Hay familias virales de DNA y familias que contienen RNA. * En el caso de los DNA virus, \u00e9stos no se encargan de forma directa de la s\u00edntesis de prote\u00ednas. Las copias de RNA de segmentos apropiados de DNA son utilizados como \u00abtemplados\u00bb para dirigir dicha s\u00edntesis. Algunos virus tienen enzimas espec\u00edficas, principalmente polimerasas y transcriptasas. Cuando el RNA de un virus puede emplearse directamente como RNA mensajero (RNAm), decimos que tiene \u00abpolaridad positiva\u00bb (+); en cambio, cuando requiere de una transcriptasa para hacer copias (complementarias) en sentido positivo, se habla de \u00abpolaridad negativa (-) \u00ab.<\/h4>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/section><section class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f0c757e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default elementor-section elementor-top-section\" data-id=\"f0c757e\" data-element_type=\"section\">\r\n<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\r\n<div class=\"elementor-row\">\r\n<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-402bdf1 elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column\" data-id=\"402bdf1\" data-element_type=\"column\">\r\n<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap  elementor-element-populated\">\r\n<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\r\n<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-00d52ea elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"00d52ea\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\r\n<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\r\n<div class=\"elementor-image\"><img class=\"attachment-full size-full jetpack-lazy-image jetpack-lazy-image--handled aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/microypara.facmed.unam.mx\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/acidonucleico.jpg\" sizes=\"(max-width: 591px) 100vw, 591px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/microypara.facmed.unam.mx\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/acidonucleico.jpg 591w, https:\/\/microypara.facmed.unam.mx\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/acidonucleico-300x38.jpg 300w\" alt=\"\" width=\"591\" height=\"74\" data-lazy-loaded=\"1\" \/><\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/section><section class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bb7a010 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default elementor-section elementor-top-section\" data-id=\"bb7a010\" data-element_type=\"section\">\r\n<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\r\n<div class=\"elementor-row\">\r\n<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a403814 elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column\" data-id=\"a403814\" data-element_type=\"column\">\r\n<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap  elementor-element-populated\">\r\n<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\r\n<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-05f2da1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"05f2da1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\r\n<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\r\n<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\">\r\n<h4>En la figura superior, el RNA virus s+ (poliovirus) presenta una prote\u00edna codificada (rombo) que act\u00faa como primer en la replicaci\u00f3n en el t\u00e9rmino 5\u2032, as\u00ed como regiones que no ser\u00e1n traducidas (l\u00edneas recta y sesgada en los extremos), pero tienen importantes funciones. El t\u00e9rmino 3 es poliadenilado. Este RNA es utilizado como RNAm con la producci\u00f3n subsecuente de diferentes polip\u00e9ptidos a partir de cada promotor. Consecuencias de la invasi\u00f3n viral a nivel celular: Los cambios observables en las c\u00e9lulas han sido denominados efectos citop\u00e1ticos, y son debidos a alteraciones en la s\u00edntesis de los \u00e1cidos nucl\u00e9icos y prote\u00ednas propios, en la estructura del citoesqueleto y en la membrana. Pueden derivar en la inducci\u00f3n de mecanismos gen\u00e9ticamente programados de destrucci\u00f3n celular, la apoptosis.<\/h4>\r\n<h4>Existen DNA virus que pueden bloquear la autodestrucci\u00f3n. Otra posibilidad, tambi\u00e9n relacionada con algunos virus, es su capacidad de producir cambios malignos en las c\u00e9lulas parasitadas. Las c\u00e9lulas transformadas sufren varias alteraciones: incremento en el rango de multiplicaci\u00f3n, crecimiento desordenado, propagaci\u00f3n indefinida y presencia de ant\u00edgenos tumorales en su superificie.<\/h4>\r\n<h4>Los principales virus oncog\u00e9nicos conocidos son: papillomavirus, virus de la hepatitis B y el virus Epstein-Barr, entre los DNA virus, y los retrovirus dentro de los RNA virus. Enfermedades virales emergentes En el transcurso de la llamada era tecnol\u00f3gica, el humano, autodenominado como el mayor depredador del planeta, ha interactuado con los diferentes ecosistemas de manera compleja, agresiva e irresponsable. En consecuencia, miles de organismos pat\u00f3genos, asociados a otras especies, se encuentran en proceso de adaptaci\u00f3n a las modificaciones inclu\u00eddas por el hombre. Las secuelas implican cambios significativos en la distribuci\u00f3n geogr\u00e1fica y la epidemiolog\u00eda de las enfermedades infecciosas.<\/h4>\r\n<h4>Las enfermedades infecciosas emergentes son patolog\u00edas que han aparecido durante las \u00faltimas dos d\u00e9cadas en diferentes ubicaciones geogr\u00e1ficas, desplazando a aqu\u00e9llas que se consideraban un riesgo mayor desde el punto de vista de salud p\u00fablica, y las que representan una amenaza futura. Ejemplos de agentes virales emergentes son: HIV, hantavirus, virus de la hepatitis C (HCV), priones, virus de Ebola . Las enfermedades infecciosas re-emergentes involucran a organismos pat\u00f3genos conocidos, antes bajo control, efectivo, o relativo. Entre \u00e9stas puede mencionarse a: encefalitis japonesa, fiebre amarilla, dengue. Priones: Varios mam\u00edferos, incluyendo al hombre, sufren enfermedades causadas por priones (potencial zoon\u00f3tico). Los priones causan trastornos neurodegenerativos fatales, e incluyen a: la enfermedad de Creutzfeldt-Jakob (CJD), la enfermedad de Gerstmann-Stra\u00fcssler-Scheinker (GSS), Insomnio Fatal Familiar (FFI), Kuru y la variante CJD (vCJD) en humanos.<\/h4>\r\n\u00a0\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/section><section class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e47b7d3 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default elementor-section elementor-top-section\" data-id=\"e47b7d3\" data-element_type=\"section\">\r\n<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\r\n<div class=\"elementor-row\">\r\n<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4ff5089 elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column\" data-id=\"4ff5089\" data-element_type=\"column\">\r\n<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap  elementor-element-populated\">\r\n<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\r\n<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2065679 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"2065679\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\r\n<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\r\n<div class=\"elementor-image\"><img class=\"attachment-large  jetpack-lazy-image jetpack-lazy-image--handled aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/microypara.facmed.unam.mx\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/ApoptosisnecrosisCDC.jpg\" sizes=\"(max-width: 461px) 100vw, 461px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/microypara.facmed.unam.mx\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/ApoptosisnecrosisCDC.jpg 461w, https:\/\/microypara.facmed.unam.mx\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/ApoptosisnecrosisCDC-300x250.jpg 300w\" alt=\"\" width=\"427\" height=\"356\" data-lazy-loaded=\"1\" \/><\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1227e90 elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column\" data-id=\"1227e90\" data-element_type=\"column\">\r\n<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap  elementor-element-populated\">\r\n<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\r\n<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0dbd398 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0dbd398\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\r\n<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\r\n<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\">\r\n<h4>La caracter\u00edstica principal de los priones consiste en la conversi\u00f3n durante la post-traducci\u00f3n de una prote\u00edna codificada por el hospedero, la prote\u00edna celular del prion (PrPC), en una isoforma anormal, denominada PrPSc. Dicha transici\u00f3n aparentemente involucra un cambio en la conformaci\u00f3n, no de tipo covalente, lo que le confiere a la PrPSc insolubilidad en detergentes y cierta resistencia a la degradaci\u00f3n proteol\u00edtica.<\/h4>\r\n<h4>Existe evidencia de que la isoforma anormal PrP es el principal, y quiz\u00e1 \u00fanico componente del agente infeccioso transmisible (prion). Las enfermedades causadas por estos agentes son determinadas por: \u2013 Mutaciones en el gen de la prote\u00edna humana del prion (PRNP) \u2013 Enfermedad heredada, \u2013 Infecci\u00f3n (inoculaci\u00f3n, dieta, iatr\u00f3genica debido a terapias con hormona del crecimiento contaminada) \u2013 Enfermedad espor\u00e1dica, comprende el 85% de los casos. La PrPc mide 33 \u2013 35 kDa, se encuentra en c\u00e9lulas normales, predominantemente neuronales. La PrP-res (o PrPSc), resistente a proteasas, presenta un tama\u00f1o un poco menor y conformaci\u00f3n molecular diferente. Se multiplica principalmente en SNC, donde produce lesiones no inflamatorias, vacuolas, dep\u00f3sitos amiloideos y astrogliosis. La muerte neuronal por apoptosis es muy importante, con la consiguiente atrofia cerebral.<\/h4>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/section><section class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-18ba7c3 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default elementor-section elementor-top-section\" data-id=\"18ba7c3\" data-element_type=\"section\">\r\n<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\r\n<div class=\"elementor-row\">\r\n<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-22d640a elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column\" data-id=\"22d640a\" data-element_type=\"column\">\r\n<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap  elementor-element-populated\">\r\n<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\r\n<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3107655 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"3107655\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\r\n<h4 class=\"elementor-widget-container\"><strong>Adenovirus TEM<\/strong><\/h4>\r\n<h4>Identificados por primera vez en adenoides humanas, de ah\u00ed su nombre. Son DNA virus, con simetr\u00eda icosah\u00e9drica. Los s\u00edndromes que producen se asocian a diferentes serotipos. Entre las enfermedades que producen se encuentran: <strong>infecciones gastrointestinales, queratoconjuntivitis epid\u00e9mica, fiebre faringoconjuntival, neumon\u00edas en pacientes inmunodeprimidos, cistitis hemorr\u00e1gica, enterocolitis necrotizante y meningoencefalitis<\/strong>.<\/h4>\r\n<div><\/div>\r\n<div class=\"elementor-image\"><img class=\"attachment-large size-large jetpack-lazy-image jetpack-lazy-image--handled aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/microypara.facmed.unam.mx\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/adenovirusCDC.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"150\" height=\"120\" data-lazy-loaded=\"1\" \/><\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/section><\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\u00a0\r\n\r\n\u00a0\r\n\r\n<section class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0be23cc elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default elementor-section elementor-top-section\" data-id=\"0be23cc\" data-element_type=\"section\">\r\n<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\r\n<div class=\"elementor-row\">\r\n<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ae13396 elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column\" data-id=\"ae13396\" data-element_type=\"column\">\r\n<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap  elementor-element-populated\">\r\n<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\r\n<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ca0d396 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ca0d396\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\r\n<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\r\n<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\">\r\n<h4><strong>Coronavirus. TEM.<\/strong><\/h4>\r\n<h4>Su nombre proviene del t\u00e9rmino en lat\u00edn corona. Son RNA virus (el mayor genoma de RNA en seres humanos) y pleom\u00f3rficos. Las enfermedades que causan se asocian a 2 serotipos. Producen hasta el 10% de los resfriados comunes y pueden causar complicaciones en pacientes con bronquitis cr\u00f3nica o asma. Tambi\u00e9n <strong>son agentes causales de SARS.<\/strong><\/h4>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/section><section class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-363e592 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default elementor-section elementor-top-section\" data-id=\"363e592\" data-element_type=\"section\">\r\n<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\r\n<div class=\"elementor-row\">\r\n<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8ca9b89 elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column\" data-id=\"8ca9b89\" data-element_type=\"column\">\r\n<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap  elementor-element-populated\">\r\n<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\r\n<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f9ed025 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"f9ed025\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\r\n<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\r\n<h4 class=\"elementor-image\"><\/h4>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/section>\r\n<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-83fa10e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"83fa10e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\r\n<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\r\n<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\"><section class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0be23cc elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default elementor-section elementor-top-section\" data-id=\"0be23cc\" data-element_type=\"section\">\r\n<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\r\n<div class=\"elementor-row\">\r\n<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b62ddbb elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column\" data-id=\"b62ddbb\" data-element_type=\"column\">\r\n<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap  elementor-element-populated\">\r\n<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\r\n<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b21f240 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"b21f240\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\r\n<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\r\n<div class=\"elementor-image\"><img class=\"attachment-large size-large jetpack-lazy-image jetpack-lazy-image--handled aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/microypara.facmed.unam.mx\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/coronavirusCDC.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"150\" height=\"120\" data-lazy-loaded=\"1\" \/><\/div>\r\n<div>\r\n<h4><strong>Paramyxovirus. TEM.<\/strong><\/h4>\r\n<h4><strong>Virus sincicial respiratorio<\/strong> (conocido con las siglas RSV). Altamente contagioso; da lugar a bronquiolitis y\/o neumon\u00eda.<\/h4>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap  elementor-element-populated\">\r\n<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\r\n<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ca0d396 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ca0d396\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\r\n<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\r\n<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\"><\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/section><section class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-363e592 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default elementor-section elementor-top-section\" data-id=\"363e592\" data-element_type=\"section\">\r\n<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\r\n<div class=\"elementor-row\">\r\n<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8ca9b89 elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column\" data-id=\"8ca9b89\" data-element_type=\"column\">\r\n<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap  elementor-element-populated\">\r\n<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\r\n<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f9ed025 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"f9ed025\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\r\n<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\r\n<h4 class=\"elementor-image\"><img class=\"attachment-large size-large jetpack-lazy-image jetpack-lazy-image--handled aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/microypara.facmed.unam.mx\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/RSVCDC.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"150\" height=\"120\" data-lazy-loaded=\"1\" \/><\/h4>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f702c8c elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column\" data-id=\"f702c8c\" data-element_type=\"column\">\r\n<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap  elementor-element-populated\">\r\n<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\r\n<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d26a466 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d26a466\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\r\n<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\r\n<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\"><\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/section><section class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6f5970f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default elementor-section elementor-top-section\" data-id=\"6f5970f\" data-element_type=\"section\">\r\n<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\r\n<div class=\"elementor-row\">\r\n<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4357034 elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column\" data-id=\"4357034\" data-element_type=\"column\">\r\n<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap  elementor-element-populated\">\r\n<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\r\n<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1d694e8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"1d694e8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\r\n<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\r\n<div class=\"elementor-image\"><\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-13aa417 elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column\" data-id=\"13aa417\" data-element_type=\"column\">\r\n<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap  elementor-element-populated\">\r\n<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\r\n<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6d673cf elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6d673cf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\r\n<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\r\n<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\">\r\n<h4><strong>Orthomyxovirus. TEM. de influenza A.<\/strong><\/h4>\r\n<h4>El nombre de <strong>influenza<\/strong> deriva, aparentemente, del t\u00e9rmino \u00abinfluencia\u00bb. Estos virus se clasifican en tipos A, B y C. Afectan el sistema respiratorio. Son RNA virus con envoltura lip\u00eddica. El potencial del virus de la influenza A para producir pandemias se relaciona con su capacidad para generar \u00abrearreglos\u00bb en los 8 segmentos de su genoma, con contactos entre especies animales. El virus de la influenza B se ha asociado al <strong>S\u00edndrome de Rey\u00e9<\/strong>. Las formas severas de la enfermedad son causadas por los tipos A y B.<\/h4>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<img class=\"attachment-large size-large jetpack-lazy-image jetpack-lazy-image--handled aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/microypara.facmed.unam.mx\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/influenzaA_2_CDC.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"150\" height=\"120\" data-lazy-loaded=\"1\" \/>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/section><section class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f261d1f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default elementor-section elementor-top-section\" data-id=\"f261d1f\" data-element_type=\"section\">\r\n<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\r\n<div class=\"elementor-row\">\r\n<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-694f1e3 elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column\" data-id=\"694f1e3\" data-element_type=\"column\">\r\n<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap  elementor-element-populated\">\r\n<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\r\n<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ce8145a elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"ce8145a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\r\n<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\r\n<div><\/div>\r\n<div><section class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f261d1f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default elementor-section elementor-top-section\" data-id=\"f261d1f\" data-element_type=\"section\">\r\n<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\r\n<div class=\"elementor-row\">\r\n<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-01e89dc elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column\" data-id=\"01e89dc\" data-element_type=\"column\">\r\n<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap  elementor-element-populated\">\r\n<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\r\n<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0095ac9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0095ac9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\r\n<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\r\n<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\">\r\n<h4><strong>Rotavirus. TEM.<\/strong><\/h4>\r\n<h4>G\u00e9nero de la familia Reoviridae. Su nombre proviene del lat\u00edn \u00abrota\u00bb, que significa rueda (las proyecciones que emite desde el centro dan la impresi\u00f3n de dicha forma). Son RNA virus. Su c\u00e1pside tiene doble cubierta, la interna icosah\u00e9drica. Existen 6 serotipos, pero la mayor parte pertenece al grupo A. <strong>Produce gastroenteritis<\/strong>, principalmente en ni\u00f1os peque\u00f1os y en ancianos.<\/h4>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/section><section class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-235deed elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default elementor-section elementor-top-section\" data-id=\"235deed\" data-element_type=\"section\">\r\n<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\r\n<div class=\"elementor-row\">\r\n<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c89eea4 elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column\" data-id=\"c89eea4\" data-element_type=\"column\">\r\n<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap  elementor-element-populated\">\r\n<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\r\n<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-711f504 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"711f504\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\r\n<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\r\n<div class=\"elementor-image\"><\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/section><\/div>\r\n<div><\/div>\r\n<div><\/div>\r\n<div class=\"elementor-image\"><img class=\"attachment-large size-large jetpack-lazy-image jetpack-lazy-image--handled aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/microypara.facmed.unam.mx\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/rotavirusCDC.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"150\" height=\"120\" data-lazy-loaded=\"1\" \/><\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-01e89dc elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column\" data-id=\"01e89dc\" data-element_type=\"column\">\r\n<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap  elementor-element-populated\">\r\n<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\r\n<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0095ac9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0095ac9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\r\n<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\r\n<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\">\r\n<h4><\/h4>\r\n<h4><strong>Rubivirus. TEM.<\/strong><\/h4>\r\n<h4>El \u00fanico g\u00e9nero de la familia Togoviridea no transmitido por artr\u00f3podos. <strong>El virus de la rube\u00f3la<\/strong> tiene un genoma de RNA y existe 1 serotipo. Su nombre proviene del t\u00e9rmino rubellus, que significa rojizo (color de la erupci\u00f3n cut\u00e1nea que produce). Puede dar lugar a anormalidades fetales severas cuando se adquiere in utero y en el adulto se complica con poliartritis.<\/h4>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/section><section class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-235deed elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default elementor-section elementor-top-section\" data-id=\"235deed\" data-element_type=\"section\">\r\n<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\r\n<div class=\"elementor-row\">\r\n<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c89eea4 elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column\" data-id=\"c89eea4\" data-element_type=\"column\">\r\n<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap  elementor-element-populated\">\r\n<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\r\n<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-711f504 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"711f504\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\r\n<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\r\n<div class=\"elementor-image\"><img class=\"attachment-large size-large jetpack-lazy-image jetpack-lazy-image--handled aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/microypara.facmed.unam.mx\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/rubivirus.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"150\" height=\"120\" data-lazy-loaded=\"1\" \/><\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-78631a9 elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column\" data-id=\"78631a9\" data-element_type=\"column\">\r\n<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap  elementor-element-populated\">\r\n<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\r\n<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8d79891 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8d79891\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\r\n<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\r\n<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\">\r\n<h4><strong>Poxvirus. TEM.<\/strong><\/h4>\r\n<h4><strong>Virus del molusco contagioso.<\/strong> La familia <em>Poxviridae i<\/em>ncluye 2 g\u00e9neros que producen enfermedad en el hombre. Tienen genoma de DNA y su estructura es compleja. El molusco contagioso se caracteriza por lesiones nodulares umbilicadas en piel; tambi\u00e9n se puede adquirir por contacto sexual.<\/h4>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/section><section class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4b9b223 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default elementor-section elementor-top-section\" data-id=\"4b9b223\" data-element_type=\"section\">\r\n<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\r\n<div class=\"elementor-row\">\r\n<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-59286f0 elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column\" data-id=\"59286f0\" data-element_type=\"column\">\r\n<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap  elementor-element-populated\">\r\n<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\r\n<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-783eec9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"783eec9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\r\n<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\r\n<div class=\"elementor-image\"><img class=\"attachment-large size-large jetpack-lazy-image jetpack-lazy-image--handled aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/microypara.facmed.unam.mx\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/poxvirusCDC.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"150\" height=\"120\" data-lazy-loaded=\"1\" \/><\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div>\r\n<h4><strong>Poliovirus. TEM.<\/strong><\/h4>\r\n<h4>Es uno de los miembros de la familia Picornaviridae m\u00e1s importantes. Esta familia comprende 5 g\u00e9neros. Pico significa peque\u00f1o y, en efecto, se trata de virus muy peque\u00f1os. Son RNA virus con simetr\u00eda icosah\u00e9drica. El g\u00e9nero <strong>Enterovirus<\/strong> incluye a 3 poliovirus. <strong>Se transmiten de manera oro- fecal<\/strong>, por lo que la enfermedad es m\u00e1s frecuente en zonas pobres del mundo. Afecta principalmente a ni\u00f1os.<\/h4>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/section><section class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-edd26df elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default elementor-section elementor-top-section\" data-id=\"edd26df\" data-element_type=\"section\">\r\n<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\r\n<div class=\"elementor-row\">\r\n<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8ca1663 elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column\" data-id=\"8ca1663\" data-element_type=\"column\">\r\n<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap  elementor-element-populated\">\r\n<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\r\n<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e5cee77 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"e5cee77\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\r\n<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\r\n<div class=\"elementor-image\"><img class=\"attachment-large size-large jetpack-lazy-image jetpack-lazy-image--handled aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/microypara.facmed.unam.mx\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/poliovirustype1CDC.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"150\" height=\"120\" data-lazy-loaded=\"1\" \/><\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8346c49 elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column\" data-id=\"8346c49\" data-element_type=\"column\">\r\n<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap  elementor-element-populated\">\r\n<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\r\n<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7dd46a3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7dd46a3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\r\n<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\r\n<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\">\r\n<h4><strong>Herpesviridae<\/strong><\/h4>\r\n<h4>Es una familia de virus que comprende a 3 sub-familias: Alphaherpesvirinae (imagen: TEM <strong>Herpex simplex<\/strong>), Betaherpesvirinae y Gammaherpesvirinae. Son DNA virus con simetr\u00eda icosah\u00e9drica.<\/h4>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/section><section class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b100ded elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default elementor-section elementor-top-section\" data-id=\"b100ded\" data-element_type=\"section\">\r\n<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\r\n<div class=\"elementor-row\">\r\n<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1e4e81f elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column\" data-id=\"1e4e81f\" data-element_type=\"column\">\r\n<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap  elementor-element-populated\">\r\n<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\r\n<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6260e19 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"6260e19\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\r\n<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\r\n<div class=\"elementor-image\"><img class=\"attachment-large size-large jetpack-lazy-image jetpack-lazy-image--handled aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/microypara.facmed.unam.mx\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/hsimplexCDC.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"150\" height=\"120\" data-lazy-loaded=\"1\" \/><\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6f7f532 elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column\" data-id=\"6f7f532\" data-element_type=\"column\">\r\n<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap  elementor-element-populated\">\r\n<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\r\n<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-41bbc75 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"41bbc75\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\r\n<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\r\n<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\">\r\n<h4><strong>Filovirus. TEM.<\/strong><\/h4>\r\n<h4>De la familia Filoviridae. <strong>Virus Marburg.<\/strong> Su nombre proviene del t\u00e9rmino filum (filamento).Tienen un genoma de RNA y su simetr\u00eda es helicoidal. Son pleom\u00f3rficos (adoptan formas extra\u00f1as, ramificadas, circulares). Pueden llegar a tener un tama\u00f1o mayor al de una bacteria. Infectan varios \u00f3rganos, principalmente h\u00edgado y bazo, resultando en degeneraci\u00f3n, necrosis, da\u00f1o a c\u00e9lulas endoteliales, con el consiguiente aumento en la permeabilidad vascular, lo que conduce a las hemorragias masivas que les son caracter\u00edsticas. La mortalidad oscila entre 2 \u2013 90%.<\/h4>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/section><section class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c477ef0 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default elementor-section elementor-top-section\" data-id=\"c477ef0\" data-element_type=\"section\">\r\n<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\r\n<div class=\"elementor-row\">\r\n<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-75b9667 elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column\" data-id=\"75b9667\" data-element_type=\"column\">\r\n<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap  elementor-element-populated\">\r\n<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\r\n<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-82a7625 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"82a7625\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\r\n<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\r\n<h4 class=\"elementor-image\"><img class=\"attachment-large size-large jetpack-lazy-image jetpack-lazy-image--handled aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/microypara.facmed.unam.mx\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/MarburgCDC.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"150\" height=\"120\" data-lazy-loaded=\"1\" \/><\/h4>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7fd4091 elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column\" data-id=\"7fd4091\" data-element_type=\"column\">\r\n<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap  elementor-element-populated\">\r\n<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\r\n<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4488a17 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4488a17\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\r\n<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\r\n<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\"><section class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-021958c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default elementor-section elementor-top-section\" data-id=\"021958c\" data-element_type=\"section\">\r\n<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\r\n<div class=\"elementor-row\">\r\n<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-691fc2f elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column\" data-id=\"691fc2f\" data-element_type=\"column\">\r\n<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap  elementor-element-populated\">\r\n<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\r\n<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fd14772 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"fd14772\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\r\n<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\r\n<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\">\r\n<h4><strong>Filovirus.<\/strong><\/h4>\r\n<h4><strong>Virus Ebola.<\/strong><\/h4>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/section><section class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-22ab4c5 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default elementor-section elementor-top-section\" data-id=\"22ab4c5\" data-element_type=\"section\">\r\n<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\r\n<div class=\"elementor-row\">\r\n<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e29940f elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column\" data-id=\"e29940f\" data-element_type=\"column\">\r\n<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap  elementor-element-populated\">\r\n<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\r\n<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cdc939e elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"cdc939e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\r\n<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\r\n<h4 class=\"elementor-image\"><\/h4>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/section><\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/section><section class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-021958c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default elementor-section elementor-top-section\" data-id=\"021958c\" data-element_type=\"section\">\r\n<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\r\n<div class=\"elementor-row\">\r\n<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-25b987b elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column\" data-id=\"25b987b\" data-element_type=\"column\">\r\n<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap  elementor-element-populated\">\r\n<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\r\n<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-02ae37b elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"02ae37b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\r\n<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\r\n<h4 class=\"elementor-image\"><img class=\"attachment-large size-large jetpack-lazy-image jetpack-lazy-image--handled aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/microypara.facmed.unam.mx\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/ebolaskinCDC.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"150\" height=\"120\" data-lazy-loaded=\"1\" \/><\/h4>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-691fc2f elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column\" data-id=\"691fc2f\" data-element_type=\"column\">\r\n<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap  elementor-element-populated\">\r\n<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\r\n<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fd14772 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"fd14772\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\r\n<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\r\n<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\"><section class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-22ab4c5 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default elementor-section elementor-top-section\" data-id=\"22ab4c5\" data-element_type=\"section\">\r\n<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\r\n<div class=\"elementor-row\">\r\n<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d9caf61 elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column\" data-id=\"d9caf61\" data-element_type=\"column\">\r\n<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap  elementor-element-populated\">\r\n<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\r\n<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c382556 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c382556\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\r\n<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\r\n<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\">\r\n<h4><strong>HIV-1. TEM.<\/strong><\/h4>\r\n<h4>De la familia Retroviridae. La instalaci\u00f3n de signos y s\u00edntomas es larga e insidiosa. Posee un genoma de RNA y es de estructura compleja. Virus del VIH. Sintetiza ADN a partir de ARN mediante la acci\u00f3n de una transcriptasa inversa<strong> Produce SIDA.<\/strong><\/h4>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/section><section class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b364c03 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default elementor-section elementor-top-section\" data-id=\"b364c03\" data-element_type=\"section\">\r\n<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\r\n<div class=\"elementor-row\">\r\n<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-effe7c3 elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column\" data-id=\"effe7c3\" data-element_type=\"column\">\r\n<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap  elementor-element-populated\">\r\n<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\r\n<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5785209 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"5785209\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\r\n<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\r\n<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\r\n<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/section><\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/section><section class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-22ab4c5 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default elementor-section elementor-top-section\" data-id=\"22ab4c5\" data-element_type=\"section\">\r\n<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\r\n<div class=\"elementor-row\">\r\n<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e29940f elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column\" data-id=\"e29940f\" data-element_type=\"column\">\r\n<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap  elementor-element-populated\">\r\n<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\r\n<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cdc939e elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"cdc939e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\r\n<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\r\n<div class=\"elementor-image\"><img class=\"attachment-large size-large jetpack-lazy-image jetpack-lazy-image--handled aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/microypara.facmed.unam.mx\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/TEMHIV-1CDC.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"150\" height=\"120\" data-lazy-loaded=\"1\" \/><\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d9caf61 elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column\" data-id=\"d9caf61\" data-element_type=\"column\">\r\n<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap  elementor-element-populated\">\r\n<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\r\n<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c382556 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c382556\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\r\n<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\r\n<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\">\r\n<h4><\/h4>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/section><section class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b364c03 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default elementor-section elementor-top-section\" data-id=\"b364c03\" data-element_type=\"section\">\r\n<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\r\n<div class=\"elementor-row\">\r\n<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-effe7c3 elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column\" data-id=\"effe7c3\" data-element_type=\"column\">\r\n<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap  elementor-element-populated\">\r\n<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\r\n<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5785209 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"5785209\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\r\n<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\r\n<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\r\n<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\">\r\n\r\n<hr \/>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bda49ff elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"bda49ff\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\r\n<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\r\n<h5 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">V\u00ednculos<\/h5>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-569b21a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"569b21a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\r\n<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\r\n<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\">\r\n\r\n\u2013\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.facmed.unam.mx\/deptos\/microbiologia\/virologia\/casos_clinicos.html\">Casos cl\u00ednicos<\/a>. Para profesores y estudiantes interesados. Colecciones de casos cl\u00ednicos con im\u00e1genes y art\u00edculos de utilidad para estudiar, preparar material did\u00e1ctico.\r\n\u2013 James D. Chappell, Terence S. Dermody. Cap\u00edtulo<a href=\"https:\/\/www.clinicalkey.es\/#!\/content\/book\/3-s2.0-B978145574801300134X\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">: Biology of Viruses and Viral Diseases<\/a>. En: Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett\u2019s Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases, 8th ed. Philadelphia, PA. Elsevier Saunders.January 1, 2015. Pp 1681-1693. En Clinical Key.\r\n\u2013\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/viperdb.scripps.edu\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Virus Particle Explorer VIPERdb.\u00a0<\/a>Base de datos para virus icosa\u00e9dricos y estructura de c\u00e1psides.\r\n\u2013 Eugene V. Koonin EV, Valerian V. Dolja VV, Krupovic M. Review.\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0042682215000859\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Origins and evolution of viruses of eukaryotes: The ultimate modularity<\/a>. Virology. May 2015;Volumes 479\u2013480: 2\u201325\r\n\u2013 Lipkin WI, Anthony SJ.\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0042682215000495\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Virus hunting<\/a>. Review. Virology, May 2015;479-480:194-199.\r\n\r\n\u00daltima modificaci\u00f3n 17 agosto 2015\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/section><\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/section>","_et_gb_content_width":"","footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-1363","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/microypara.facmed.unam.mx\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1363","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/microypara.facmed.unam.mx\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/microypara.facmed.unam.mx\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/microypara.facmed.unam.mx\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/microypara.facmed.unam.mx\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1363"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/microypara.facmed.unam.mx\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1363\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1490,"href":"https:\/\/microypara.facmed.unam.mx\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1363\/revisions\/1490"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/microypara.facmed.unam.mx\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1363"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}